II. Technical Cultivation
Tiger shrimp cultivation involves many factors, namely:
2.1. Technical Terms
- the situation is appropriate for shrimp farming in coastal areas are textured thusils that have clay or sandy clay compacted so simply ready to hold water and not simply broken.
- Water that's either brackish water with salinity of 0-33 ppt with optimum temperature twenty six - 300C and free from pollution of hazardous chemicals.
- Having entered the water channel / inlet and exit drains / retailers separate.
- straightforward to induce the suggests that of production of fry, feed, fertilizer, medication and others.
- In intensive pond ought to be on the market flow of electricity or to possess its own generator.
2.2. kind of cultivation.
Based on the situation, price of implementation and operation, kind of cultivation will be divided into:
- intensive or ancient ponds.
Pond sometimes on land that's typically within the kind of tidal mangrove swamp. the dimensions and form of an irregular plot, nonetheless receipts fertilizers and medicines and irregular feeding program.
- Semi-Intensive Pond.
Location pond already in open areas, kind an everyday map however still an oversized plot (1-3 ha / plot), density remains low, the utilization of artificial feed remains tiny.
- Intensive Pond.
Specific locations within the space for the pond in a very wide space, the dimensions of the plot created very little to the potency of water management and supervision of shrimp, solid high stocking density, are using windmills, yet as a decent feed program.
2.3. Fry
. a decent fry have this level of life (Survival Rate / SR) is high, the ability of adaptation to environmental amendment is high, strongly coloured / not pale either black or red, active, healthy and have an entire organ. check the standard of fry will be done merely, is place some fries in a very container pot or bowl with water, stir the water with a reasonably contemporary for 1-3 minutes. Fry a decent and healthy to face up to mortar by swimming against the present spherical of water, and once the flow stops, fry stay active.
2.4. Processing of Land
Land management, including:
- Appointment of mud. each culture should leave the rest within the kind of sludge organic cultivation of food remains, faeces of shrimp and dead shrimp. Manure ought to be removed as a result of it's a dangerous poison shrimp. Expenditure mud will be done by mechanical suggests that employing a hoe or suction to the water pump / Alkon.
- Reversal of Land. Land within the pond bottom has to be reversed by hijacked or hoe to unharness toxic gases (H2S and Ammonia) that certain to the soil particle, for the soil and kill seedlings menggemburkan panyakit as a result of exposure to daylight / UV.
- Liming. attending to neutralize the acidity of the soil and kill germs. Conducted with Zeolite and Dolomite lime with every dose of one ton / ha.
- Drying. once the limed soil, enable it to become dry land and cracked, to kill germs.
- Treatment TON fertilizer (Organic Farms Archipelago). to revive soil fertility and accelerate the expansion of natural food / plankton and neutralize toxic compounds, the land desires a lot treated with a dose of five bottles / ha for ponds that are still sensible or are new and ten bottles of TON to the pond space that's broken. Do I enter variety into a lot of water, then stir to dissolve. Pour evenly into the complete land space of ??the pond.
2.5. Importation of Water
After three days left, water is inserted into the pond. the primary water inlet as high as 10-25 cm and let a couple of days, to permit the seeds to grow plankton once fertilized with TON. once it entered the water till a minimum of eighty cm. Saponen treatment will be done to kill the fish that enter the pond. To fertilize plankton before fry stocked, water limed with Dolomite or dose Zeolite with 600 kg / ha.
2.6. Spreading cool-down.
Fry stocking is completed once the water thus, that once plankton growth that is characterised by the brightness of water approximately 30-40 cm. Stocking fry created with caution, as a result of the fries are still weak and straightforward to worry the new surroundings. Stocking fry stage are:
- Adaptation temperature. Plastic containers fries soaked for fifteen half-hour, in order that the adjustment of temperature between the water within the pool and within the plastic.
- Adaptation of air. Plastic is opened and folded at the sides. Leave it open and float for fifteen to half-hour for the air exchange from the free air with air in water in plastic.
- Adaptation to salinity / salinity. Done by splashing pond water into the plastic for ten minutes. The goal is to enable the blending of water of various salinity, that the fry will modify the salinity of pond water.
- Expenditure fry. Done by inserting some plastic tip into the pond water. Let fry out alone into the pond water. The remaining fry don't seem to be going out alone, will be incorporated into the pond with hati-hati/perlahan.
2.7. Maintenance.
At the start of cultivation, ideally within the stocking of fry sealed with a waring or hapa, to facilitate feeding. The bulkhead will be expanded in accordance with the event of shrimp, once one week bulkhead will be opened. within the initial month to think about the standard of water must always be stable. Addition or replacement of water created with caution as a result of the shrimp are still liable to drastic changes in water conditions. to take care of the steadiness of the water, any addition of latest water TON treated with a dose of 1-2 bottles of TON / ha to cultivate and nourish plankton and neutralize the toxic materials from outside the pond.
Starting age of thirty days of sampling to see pekembanghan shrimp shrimp by weight. Shrimp are traditional at the age of thirty days has reached size (number of shrimp / kg) 250-300. To additional sampling is completed once each 7-10 days. Production of dissolved organic material that style of feces and food remains high enough, thus the water ought to be treated zeolite lime each few days with a dose of four hundred kg / ha. At each flip of a brand new or extra water remains treated TON.
Starting age of sixty days and over, that should be thought-about is that the water quality management and management of the condition of shrimp. every indicating poor water conditions (indicated by the colour of turbid, low brightness) immediately amendment the water and also the treatment dispensed a lot of 1-2 bottles / ha. If the concentration of organic material within the ponds of the upper, inflicting water quality / environmental decline additionally shrimp, shrimp consequently liable to stress, that is characterised by not eating, dirty and quiet at the corners of the ponds, which may cause cannibalism.
2.8. Harvest.
Shrimp harvested because of the achievement of harvest weight (normal harvest) and since of disease (emergency harvest). traditional harvest is typically done at age approximately one hundred twenty days, with a mean traditional size 40-50. Emergency harvest is being done if the shrimp stricken with a malignant disease in a very massive scale (eg SEMBV / white spots). as a result of if not harvested soon, the shrimp can run out / off.
Shrimp are harvested with the necessities of fine quality may be a massive, hard skin, clean, smooth, shining, full body tools, remains alive and contemporary. Catching shrimp at harvest will be done with a mesh stocking or drag nets and brought by hand. When the harvest is sweet the night or early morning, in order that the shrimp don't seem to be exposed to hot sun in order that the shrimp are dead don't quickly become red / broken.
III. Shrimp feed.
Shrimp feed are of 2 sorts, specifically natural feed that consists of plankton, tiny snails, tiny worms, insects and detritus of youngsters (the remainder of decaying plants and animals). Feed the opposite is artificial feed pellets. within the semi-intensive cultivation particularly intensive, artificial feeding is critical. because of the high density, natural feed that there'll not be enough to lead to stunted growth of shrimp and shrimp cannibalism properties would arise.
Shrimp pellets are distinguished with totally different numbering in accordance with the expansion of traditional shrimp.
a. Age 1-10 days feed 01
b. Age 11-15 mixture of 01 with 02 days
c. Age 16-30 days of feed 02
d. Age 30-35 mixture of 02 with 03
e. Age 36-50 days of feed 03
f. Age 51-55 mixture of 03 with 04 or 04S
(If using 04S, given up to age seventy days).
g. Age fifty five to 04 of feed crops, at the age of eighty five days if the typical size reaches fifty, use of feed 05 till harvest.
Initial feed needs for each one hundred,000 tails is one kg, then once each seven days and one kg up to the age of thirty days. beginning age was dispensed checks with ancho ancho quantity of feed at 100 percent of the feed given. Time to elevate ancho 1000-166 size is three hours, 166-66 size is two.5 hours, size 66-40 is two.5 hours and fewer than forty is one.5 hours of administration.
To enhance the expansion of shrimp, got to complete the addition of nutrients in feed. To that finish, the feed ought to be mixed with the NASA POC containing necessary minerals, proteins, fats and vitamins with a dose of five cc / kg of feed for sixty days dibwah age and subsequently ten cc / kg of feed till harvest.
IV. The disease.
Some diseases that usually attack the shrimp are;
1. White Spot. This disease is that the reason behind most of the failures of shrimp farming. SEMBV caused by viral infections (systemic ectodermal mesodermal Baculo Virus). The attacks are terribly quick, among a couple of hours the complete population of shrimp in a very pond will die. Symptoms: if the shrimp remains alive, swimming within the irregular surface and if it hit the embankment on to death, the presence of white spots on the shell (carapace), is incredibly sensitive to environmental changes. Viruses will multiply and unfold through the host, the wild crab and shrimp, particularly the white shrimp. there's no cure for this disease, the way to cope with it's endeavored that no crabs and wild shrimp into the pond aquaculture. the steadiness of pond ecosystems ought to even be maintained that the shrimp don't stress and high sturdiness. thus though it's been infected with the virus, the shrimp still ready to live till sufficiently old to be harvested. to take care of the steadiness of the pond ecosystem ponds got to be fertilized with a lot.
2. Black Spot / Black Spot. Caused by an epidemic monodon Baculo Virus (MBV). Visible sign that there are black spots on the shell and is typically followed by a bacterial infection, thus different symptoms seem that the injury to the shrimp body. the way to prevent: to invariably maintain the standard of pond water and basic sanitation.
3. White feces / diarrhea. Caused by high concentrations of manure and ammonia gas within the pond. Symptoms: straightforward to envision, specifically the existence of a white dirt within the corner space of ??the pond (in the direction of the wind), additionally followed by a decrease in appetite, thus for a protracted time will cause death. the way to prevent: keep the standard of water and dirt expenditures created pond bottom / Siphon on an everyday basis.
4. Red gills. characterised by the formation of red within the gills. because of the high acidity of pond water, thus the way to deal with the spreading of lime on the pond cultivation. Land management ought to even be upgraded.
5. Necrosis. Caused by high concentrations of bacteria in pond water. specifically the existence of visible symptoms of harm / injury that's black on the appliance body, notably on the tail. The fix is ??to amendment the maximum amount water as treatment and a lot of 1-2 bottles / ha, whereas the shrimp are inspired to right away replace the skin (molting) by granting saponen or with calcification.
Diseases of the shrimp is essentially because of a decrease within the quality of aquaculture ponds. Therefore, treatment TON indispensable each throughout land preparation and through the introduction of latest water.
