tricks to grow rice

GROWING CONDITIONS
Rice are often grown at an altitude of 0-1500 m asl with temperatures
19-270C, needs full sun exposure while not shade. Wind impact on pollination and fertilization. Rice needs a fertile soil mud with a thickness of 18-22 cm and a soil pH of 4-7.

TECHNICAL pointers FOR CULTIVATION
A. Seeds
With a spacing of twenty five x twenty five cm per one thousand m2 needs one.5 to three kg of rice fields. the best quantity of seed that's unfold around 50-60 gr/m2. Comparison of land space for seeding the areas beneath cultivation is 3: a hundred, or one thousand m2 fields: three.5 m2 nursery
B. Soaking Seeds
Seeds soaked NASA POC and water, a dose of two cc / lt of water for 6-12 hours. drain and place burlap sacks, rice seeds are floating discarded. Furthermore brooded using banana leaves or buried within the soil for 1-2 nights till the seeds germinate simultaneously.
C. Maintenance Nurseries / Seeding
Seedbeds irrigated with gradually to a height of 3-5 cm. when 7-10 days previous seedlings and 14-18 days, NASA POC spraying is finished with a dose of two caps / tank.
D. Transfer of seed
Seedlings are able to be moved implanted into 21-40 day-old rice paddies, leafy strands 5-7, rootstock massive and robust, uniform growth, not attacked by pests and diseases.
F. Fertilization
Fertilization as within the following table, the dose of fertilizer in accordance with the specified yield. All macro-mixed fertilizer and unfold evenly to the land in keeping with dose.
HORMONIK special use are often mixed with POC NASA then sprayed (3-4 + one cap lid NASA HORMONIK / tank). Results can vary counting on the categories of sorts, and kinds of soil conditions, pests and diseases.
G. PROCESSING space light-weight
Performed at the age of twenty HST, aims to flow into the air within the soil, ie eliminate toxic gases and absorb oxygen.
H. weeding
Weeding weeds like, digger, puzzles and water hyacinth performed three times the age of four weeks, 35 and 55.
I. Irrigation
Water-logging exhausted the first part of growth, seedling institution, flowering and also the bunting. whereas drying is barely performed on the part before the bunting aimed toward stopping the institution of seedlings and seeds for uniform ripening part and accelerate the ripening seeds.
J. PEST AND DISEASE management
• Pests and white (Nymphula depunctalis)
Symptoms: attack the leaves of seedlings, the harm of the dots are elongated parallel to the bone leaf, rice leaf rolling caterpillars. Control: (1) smart water management, use of healthy seedlings, releasing natural enemies, abort leaves the tube, (2) using BVR or PESTONA • • Rice Thrips (Thrips oryzae)
Symptoms: leaf curl and yellow to reddish, stunted growth of seedlings, the plants don't contain mature grain. Control: BVR or PESTONA.
• attacker planthopper rice straw: rice brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), white-backed rice plant hopper (Sogatella furcifera) and leaf aphis attacker rice: rice inexperienced leafhoppers (Nephotettix apicalis and N. impicticep).
Damage by rice straw and suck fluids will transmit the virus. Symptoms: rice plants to yellow and dry, like burning a bunch of plants, plants that don't dry out to be stunted. Control: (1) rice farming in unison, using the planthopper-resistant varieties like IR thirty six, IR 48, IR-64, Cimanuk, Progo etc., clean setting, the discharge of natural enemies like spiders, bugs and beetles bees, (2) spraying BVR
• Walang sangit (Leptocoriza acuta)
Attacking the ripe fruit rice milk. Symptoms of vacuum or low-quality fruits like wrinkles, brown and unpleasant; there are spots on the leaves and also the former puff rice grains speckled black.
Control: (1) raise in unison, improving sanitation, collect and destroy the eggs, removing natural enemies like crickets, spiders, (2) spraying BVR or PESTONA.
• inexperienced Ladybug (Nezara viridula)
Attack rice stems and fruit. Symptoms: in an exceedingly former puncture plant stems, fruit rice that has attacked the previous puff stains and disrupted plant growth. Control: to gather and destroy its eggs, spraying BVR or PESTONA
• Borer rice straw
 consists of: white rice stem borer (Tryporhyza innotata), yellow (T. incertulas), striped (Chilo supressalis) and pink (Sesamia inferens). Attacking the stem and leaf midrib. Symptoms: shoots withered crops, dried reddish and simply removed, dried leaves and stems dry throughout. harm to young plants and in plants bunting (seed filling) is termed the "outs". Control: (1) using resistant varieties, improved environmental hygiene, flooding rice fields for fifteen days when harvest so as to chrysalis to death, burning straw, (2) using BVR or PESTONA
• Pest rat (Rattus argentiventer)
Attacking the young stem (1-2 months) and fruit. Symptoms: The presence of rice plants and collapsed on the rice terraces within the middle of a good attack plots no plants. Control: crop rotation, planting simultaneously, sanitation, unharness of natural enemies like snakes and owls, the employment of NAT (Natural Aromatic).
• Bird
Attacking before the harvest, the fruit stalk broken, scattered seeds. Control: away with the sounds or the puppets.
• Disease brown leaf spots
Cause: The fungus Helmintosporium oryzae.
Symptoms: attack the stem, panicle, new fruit growing and newly germinated seedlings. Seeds mottled-brown spots however still contains, rice adult dry rot, seed rot and seedling sprouts die. Control: (1) soaking the seeds in heat water + NASA POC, balanced fertilization, planting disease-resistant rice.
• Blast Disease
Cause: The fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Symptoms: attack the leaves, a book on the panicle and panicle finish of the shaft. Leaves, bracelets books, panicle stalk and branches close to the bottom of the panicle rot.
Ripening grain foods become stunted and hollow. Control: (1) burning residual straw, flooded rice fields, planting superior varieties, Cimandiri IR-48, IR-36, the availability of fertilizer N at mid-vegetative part and also the part formation of grains, (2) granting GLIO in early planting
• Rotten leaf midrib
Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia sp. Symptoms: attack the leaves and stem of leaves on plants that are established tiller. Cause the quantity and quality of grain decreased. Control: (1) plant disease-resistant rice (2) granting GLIO throughout seedling institution
• Fusarium Disease
Cause: The fungus Fusarium moniliforme. Symptoms: attacking young panicle and also the seeds become brown, drooping leaves, roots rot. Control: loosen spacing, dip seed + NASA POC and disebari GLIO in land
• Disease crackle / leaf blight
Cause: The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae) Symptoms: attack the leaves and growing purpose. There are lines in between the bones of leaves, line the fluid-filled blisters and dusky, the leaves dry up and die. Control: (1) plant disease resistant varieties like IR thirty six, IR 46, Cisadane, Cipunegara, avoiding mechanical injury, environmental sanitation, (2) management starting with GLIO
• The disease stunted
Cause: The virus is transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Symptoms: attack all elements of the plant, the leaves become short, narrow, yellowish-green, short trunk, short books, however several tiny tillers. Control: troublesome, prevention efforts to destroy the affected plants are up to speed vector with BVR or PESTONA.
• tungro disease
Cause: The virus is transmitted by inexperienced leafhoppers Nephotettix impicticeps. Symptoms: attack all plant elements, plant growth is a smaller amount than excellent, the leaves yellow to brownish, the quantity of shoots was reduced, delayed flowering, panicle tiny and doesn't contain. Control: planthopper resistant rice like Kelara, IR 52, IR 36, IR 48, IR 54, IR 46, IR forty two and management the virus vector with BVR.

K. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
• Harvesting is finished when eightieth yellowed rice grain and stalk down

• Tools used crab or sickle
• when harvest immediately knocked malainya with thresher machines or manpower
• Keep a minimum crop loss
Having knocked out (filtered)
• Do drying with sun 2-3 days
• when drying and grinding the separation of grain from the skin of the seeds.
• Rice is prepared to be consumed.

shrimp farming

II. Technical Cultivation

Tiger shrimp cultivation involves many factors, namely:

2.1. Technical Terms

- the situation is appropriate for shrimp farming in coastal areas are textured thusils that have clay or sandy clay compacted so simply ready to hold water and not simply broken.

- Water that's either brackish water with salinity of 0-33 ppt with optimum temperature twenty six - 300C and free from pollution of hazardous chemicals.

- Having entered the water channel / inlet and exit drains / retailers separate.

- straightforward to induce the suggests that of production of fry, feed, fertilizer, medication and others.

- In intensive pond ought to be on the market flow of electricity or to possess its own generator.

2.2. kind of cultivation.

Based on the situation, price of implementation and operation, kind of cultivation will be divided into:

- intensive or ancient ponds.

Pond sometimes on land that's typically within the kind of tidal mangrove swamp. the dimensions and form of an irregular plot, nonetheless receipts fertilizers and medicines and irregular feeding program.

- Semi-Intensive Pond.

Location pond already in open areas, kind an everyday map however still an oversized plot (1-3 ha / plot), density remains low, the utilization of artificial feed remains tiny.

- Intensive Pond.

Specific locations within the space for the pond in a very wide space, the dimensions of the plot created very little to the potency of water management and supervision of shrimp, solid high stocking density, are using windmills, yet as a decent feed program.

2.3. Fry

. a decent fry have this level of life (Survival Rate / SR) is high, the ability of adaptation to environmental amendment is high, strongly coloured / not pale either black or red, active, healthy and have an entire organ. check the standard of fry will be done merely, is place some fries in a very container pot or bowl with water, stir the water with a reasonably contemporary for 1-3 minutes. Fry a decent and healthy to face up to mortar by swimming against the present spherical of water, and once the flow stops, fry stay active.

2.4. Processing of Land

Land management, including:

- Appointment of mud. each culture should leave the rest within the kind of sludge organic cultivation of food remains, faeces of shrimp and dead shrimp. Manure ought to be removed as a result of it's a dangerous poison shrimp. Expenditure mud will be done by mechanical suggests that employing a hoe or suction to the water pump / Alkon.

- Reversal of Land. Land within the pond bottom has to be reversed by hijacked or hoe to unharness toxic gases (H2S and Ammonia) that certain to the soil particle, for the soil and kill seedlings menggemburkan panyakit as a result of exposure to daylight / UV.

- Liming. attending to neutralize the acidity of the soil and kill germs. Conducted with Zeolite and Dolomite lime with every dose of one ton / ha.

- Drying. once the limed soil, enable it to become dry land and cracked, to kill germs.

- Treatment TON fertilizer (Organic Farms Archipelago). to revive soil fertility and accelerate the expansion of natural food / plankton and neutralize toxic compounds, the land desires a lot treated with a dose of five bottles / ha for ponds that are still sensible or are new and ten bottles of TON to the pond space that's broken. Do I enter variety into a lot of water, then stir to dissolve. Pour evenly into the complete land space of ??the pond.

2.5. Importation of Water

After three days left, water is inserted into the pond. the primary water inlet as high as 10-25 cm and let a couple of days, to permit the seeds to grow plankton once fertilized with TON. once it entered the water till a minimum of eighty cm. Saponen treatment will be done to kill the fish that enter the pond. To fertilize plankton before fry stocked, water limed with Dolomite or dose Zeolite with 600 kg / ha.

2.6. Spreading cool-down.

Fry stocking is completed once the water thus, that once plankton growth that is characterised by the brightness of water approximately 30-40 cm. Stocking fry created with caution, as a result of the fries are still weak and straightforward to worry the new surroundings. Stocking fry stage are:

- Adaptation temperature. Plastic containers fries soaked for fifteen half-hour, in order that the adjustment of temperature between the water within the pool and within the plastic.

- Adaptation of air. Plastic is opened and folded at the sides. Leave it open and float for fifteen to half-hour for the air exchange from the free air with air in water in plastic.

- Adaptation to salinity / salinity. Done by splashing pond water into the plastic for ten minutes. The goal is to enable the blending of water of various salinity, that the fry will modify the salinity of pond water.

- Expenditure fry. Done by inserting some plastic tip into the pond water. Let fry out alone into the pond water. The remaining fry don't seem to be going out alone, will be incorporated into the pond with hati-hati/perlahan.

2.7. Maintenance.

At the start of cultivation, ideally within the stocking of fry sealed with a waring or hapa, to facilitate feeding. The bulkhead will be expanded in accordance with the event of shrimp, once one week bulkhead will be opened. within the initial month to think about the standard of water must always be stable. Addition or replacement of water created with caution as a result of the shrimp are still liable to drastic changes in water conditions. to take care of the steadiness of the water, any addition of latest water TON treated with a dose of 1-2 bottles of TON / ha to cultivate and nourish plankton and neutralize the toxic materials from outside the pond.

Starting age of thirty days of sampling to see pekembanghan shrimp shrimp by weight. Shrimp are traditional at the age of thirty days has reached size (number of shrimp / kg) 250-300. To additional sampling is completed once each 7-10 days. Production of dissolved organic material that style of feces and food remains high enough, thus the water ought to be treated zeolite lime each few days with a dose of four hundred kg / ha. At each flip of a brand new or extra water remains treated TON.

Starting age of sixty days and over, that should be thought-about is that the water quality management and management of the condition of shrimp. every indicating poor water conditions (indicated by the colour of turbid, low brightness) immediately amendment the water and also the treatment dispensed a lot of 1-2 bottles / ha. If the concentration of organic material within the ponds of the upper, inflicting water quality / environmental decline additionally shrimp, shrimp consequently liable to stress, that is characterised by not eating, dirty and quiet at the corners of the ponds, which may cause cannibalism.

2.8. Harvest.

Shrimp harvested because of the achievement of harvest weight (normal harvest) and since of disease (emergency harvest). traditional harvest is typically done at age approximately one hundred twenty days, with a mean traditional size 40-50. Emergency harvest is being done if the shrimp stricken with a malignant disease in a very massive scale (eg SEMBV / white spots). as a result of if not harvested soon, the shrimp can run out / off.

Shrimp are harvested with the necessities of fine quality may be a massive, hard skin, clean, smooth, shining, full body tools, remains alive and contemporary. Catching shrimp at harvest will be done with a mesh stocking or drag nets and brought by hand. When the harvest is sweet the night or early morning, in order that the shrimp don't seem to be exposed to hot sun in order that the shrimp are dead don't quickly become red / broken.

III. Shrimp feed.

Shrimp feed are of 2 sorts, specifically natural feed that consists of plankton, tiny snails, tiny worms, insects and detritus of youngsters (the remainder of decaying plants and animals). Feed the opposite is artificial feed pellets. within the semi-intensive cultivation particularly intensive, artificial feeding is critical. because of the high density, natural feed that there'll not be enough to lead to stunted growth of shrimp and shrimp cannibalism properties would arise.

Shrimp pellets are distinguished with totally different numbering in accordance with the expansion of traditional shrimp.

a. Age 1-10 days feed 01

b. Age 11-15 mixture of 01 with 02 days

c. Age 16-30 days of feed 02

d. Age 30-35 mixture of 02 with 03

e. Age 36-50 days of feed 03

f. Age 51-55 mixture of 03 with 04 or 04S

(If using 04S, given up to age seventy days).

g. Age fifty five to 04 of feed crops, at the age of eighty five days if the typical size reaches fifty, use of feed 05 till harvest.

Initial feed needs for each one hundred,000 tails is one kg, then once each seven days and one kg up to the age of thirty days. beginning age was dispensed checks with ancho ancho quantity of feed at 100 percent of the feed given. Time to elevate ancho 1000-166 size is three hours, 166-66 size is two.5 hours, size 66-40 is two.5 hours and fewer than forty is one.5 hours of administration.

To enhance the expansion of shrimp, got to complete the addition of nutrients in feed. To that finish, the feed ought to be mixed with the NASA POC containing necessary minerals, proteins, fats and vitamins with a dose of five cc / kg of feed for sixty days dibwah age and subsequently ten cc / kg of feed till harvest.

IV. The disease.

Some diseases that usually attack the shrimp are;

1. White Spot. This disease is that the reason behind most of the failures of shrimp farming. SEMBV caused by viral infections (systemic ectodermal mesodermal Baculo Virus). The attacks are terribly quick, among a couple of hours the complete population of shrimp in a very pond will die. Symptoms: if the shrimp remains alive, swimming within the irregular surface and if it hit the embankment on to death, the presence of white spots on the shell (carapace), is incredibly sensitive to environmental changes. Viruses will multiply and unfold through the host, the wild crab and shrimp, particularly the white shrimp. there's no cure for this disease, the way to cope with it's endeavored that no crabs and wild shrimp into the pond aquaculture. the steadiness of pond ecosystems ought to even be maintained that the shrimp don't stress and high sturdiness. thus though it's been infected with the virus, the shrimp still ready to live till sufficiently old to be harvested. to take care of the steadiness of the pond ecosystem ponds got to be fertilized with a lot.

2. Black Spot / Black Spot. Caused by an epidemic monodon Baculo Virus (MBV). Visible sign that there are black spots on the shell and is typically followed by a bacterial infection, thus different symptoms seem that the injury to the shrimp body. the way to prevent: to invariably maintain the standard of pond water and basic sanitation.

3. White feces / diarrhea. Caused by high concentrations of manure and ammonia gas within the pond. Symptoms: straightforward to envision, specifically the existence of a white dirt within the corner space of ??the pond (in the direction of the wind), additionally followed by a decrease in appetite, thus for a protracted time will cause death. the way to prevent: keep the standard of water and dirt expenditures created pond bottom / Siphon on an everyday basis.

4. Red gills. characterised by the formation of red within the gills. because of the high acidity of pond water, thus the way to deal with the spreading of lime on the pond cultivation. Land management ought to even be upgraded.

5. Necrosis. Caused by high concentrations of bacteria in pond water. specifically the existence of visible symptoms of harm / injury that's black on the appliance body, notably on the tail. The fix is ??to amendment the maximum amount water as treatment and a lot of 1-2 bottles / ha, whereas the shrimp are inspired to right away replace the skin (molting) by granting saponen or with calcification.

Diseases of the shrimp is essentially because of a decrease within the quality of aquaculture ponds. Therefore, treatment TON indispensable each throughout land preparation and through the introduction of latest water.

cultivation strowberry

Strowberry agribusiness prospects in Indonesia is kind of bright views of the absorptive capability of the planet market and demand from year to year increase.
In the spirit of eco-friendly PT. Natural Nusantara role in improving the amount, quality and sustainability of the atmosphere on the cultivation of this strowberi.

GROWTH CONDITIONS
Long the sun shines 80-10 hours every day. Rainfall ranges from 600 700 mm per year. The optimum air temperature between seventeen ° C - twenty ° C and minimum air temperature between four ° C - five ° C with humidity of eightieth - ninetieth. Height of a perfect place between 1000-2000 m asl

PROCESSING LAND
Before the land plowed 1st flooded overnight. consecutive day meted out piracy as deep as regarding thirty cm, once that new pulverized soil drying.

ESTABLISHMENT OF WATER LINE
Form water channels with width 80-120 cm, height 30-40 cm, the space between the water channel sixty cm, length adjusting state land.

calcification
Give dolomite regarding 100-200 kg per a thousand m2 land appropriate conditions.

basic fertilization
Sprinkle UREA fertilizer twenty kg + twenty five kg TSP + KCl ten kg and 2-3 Manure tons in a thousand m2. NASA POC is splashed 30-60 caps / a thousand m2 of water added to style. to get higher results, POC NASA replaced SUPERNASA method may be a bottle SUPERNASA diluted in three liters because the mother liquor, then take fifty liters of water and add two hundred cc of the mother liquor was. afterward pour into the seedbed evenly. one bottle SUPERNASA will to 1000-2000 m2

GRANT OF NATURAL GLIO
To prevent the disease as a result of the fungus attacks mainly scatter Natural GLIO wilt disease that has been mixed with animal manure and aged for every week. one package GLIO Natural mixed with 25-30 kg of manure to a section regarding a thousand m2.

INSTALLATION mulching
Installation of plastic mulch on mulch throughout the recent sun so as to expand thus it will correct beds with acceptable cowl.

MAKING OF PLANTING HOLE
± ten cm diameter holes, with hole distance of 30-50 cm. The model will be planting 2 rows facing one another type a rectangle.

HOW TO PLANTING
Move the seedlings together with the medium, seedlings ought to be conditioned for a month before planting within the garden, and currently strive planting roots don't seem to be broken when gap polybags.

stitching
Replanting a minimum of 15-30 days once planting, within the afternoon and immediately watered.

weeding
Weeding done on the weeds / weeds that compete with vegetation

pruning
Performed on the tendrils that are less productive, lush, and therefore the 1st flowers to get wonderful fruit.

fertilization aftershocks
Fertilizer is given at the age of one.5 to a pair of months once planting with NPK (16-16-16) the maximum amount as five kg dissolved in two hundred liters of water, then in Pour the maximum amount as 350-500 cc / plant.

+ NASA POC USAGE HORMONIK
Spray (3-4 caps NASA POC) + (1-2 cap HORMONIK) fourteen liter tank once a pair of months at intervals of 7-10 days.

PEST AND DISEASE management
H A M A
a. Aphids (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)
Part of being attacked: the lower surface of leaves, flower buds, young shoots or stems. Symptoms: shoots or leaves wrinkled, curly, typically inhibited the formation of leaves or fruit. Preventive use of pentane + AERO 810 or Natural BVR.

b. MITE (Tetranychus sp-sp Tarsonemus)
Part of being attacked: the leaves, stems, and fruit. Symptoms: The leaf spots of yellow, brown, curly leaves eventually fall off. Prevention of pentane + BVR AERO 810 or NATURAL.

c. Flower weevil (Anthonomus rubi), root weevils (Othiorhychus rugosostriatus), stem weevil (O. Sulcatus)
Symptoms of attack: the powder type of flour on the a part of the gereknya. Prevention PESTONA spray or pentane + AERO 810 interchangeably.

DISEASE
a. Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae)
The half that's attacked: from roots, leaves, till the plant. Symptoms: the infected leaves early yellow to brownish, serious attack can cause death in plants. Control: improved drainage, sanitation, gardens, use Natural GLIO in early planting.

b. Ripe fruit rot / Ripe Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum fragariae Brooks) Rhizopus Rot / spot Rhizopus (Rhizopus stolonifer)
Part of being attacked: fruit. Symptoms: RFR itself is typical solely on fruits that ripen solely with rotten fruit with pink spore plenty. In the RS, fruit soft rot, watery, cloudy fluid when massaged out.
Control: destroy the infected fruit, fix the drainage of the garden, mulching, crop rotation, use the Natural GLIO at the start of planting mixed with manure that has been finished.

c. Root rot (Idriella lunata, ulmatum Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani)
Part of being attacked: the roots of plants. Symptoms: Idriella cause the ends of the roots of plants are black and rotten, whereas the rod limit Phytium ensuing root rot at the soil surface is brown to black. whereas the fungus Rhizoctonia root system resulted sidikit wet rot.

Control: take away and destroy infected plants are serious, add lime to the soil, do crop rotation, crop drainage enhancements, provide Natural GLIO in early planting.

d. Red pith (Phytophtora fragrariae)
Part of being attacked: plant roots. Symptoms: stunted plants, tudak recent leaves will wilt though the roots and base of the stem was observed that infected the heartwood can seem red. This disease resulted during a nice attack on the poor drainage conditions and bitter / low pH.
Control: improve drainage, liming the soil, crop rotation, use of healthy seeds and avoid mechanical injury to the upkeep, destroy the infected plant weight, mix Natural GLIO in early planting.
Note: If the management of pests and diseases with natural pesticides haven't been overcome, because the last different might use chemical pesticides are suggested. so as to spray additional evenly and isn't simply lost by rain water add adhesive wetting Straighten dose of zero.5 AERO 810 tank lid

HARVEST
Strawberry plants started flowering at age a pair of months once planting. however the conception or 1st flowering ought to be removed or cut for optimum has not been able to manufacture. once 4-month-old plants begin to be directed to additional productive flowering and fruiting. Harvesting is completed by plucked or cut the fruit stalk and petals, and meted out periodically twice every week.

seaweed cultivation

seaweed cultivation

. background

Seaweed (Sea Weeds) are within the world of science called Algae are highly regarded within the industrial world finish - this finish.

Seaweed was 1st recognized by the Chinese concerning - concerning the year 2700 BC. At that point the seaweed is widely used for vegetables medicine|and medicines} - drugs. within the year sixty five BC, the Romans use it as a cosmetic raw material. however with the progress of your time, data concerning lautpun grass growing. Spain, France, and England created seaweed as raw material for creating glass.

When the utilization of seaweed in Indonesia isn't known. solely when the Portuguese came to Indonesia round the year 1292, seaweed has been used as a vegetable. solely within the amount before World War - a pair of, noted that Indonesia has been exporting seaweed to the us, Denmark, and France.

Now this seaweed in Indonesia has been developed on the coast of Bali and Nusa Tenggara. Given the lengthy coastline of Indonesia (81,000 km), then the possibilities are terribly promising for seaweed cultivation. If you read the globe market demand to Indonesia that annually reach the common - average twenty one.8% of the globe wants now could be fulfillment to produce the demand remains terribly lacking, that's solely around thirteen.1%. The low provide from Indonesia as a result of poor farming activities and therefore the lack of data concerning the potential of seaweed farmers.

B. contents

Seaweed is widely used is that the sort of red algae (Rhodophyceae) as a result of they contain therefore - therefore, yeast, porpiran, furcelaran and pigment fikobilin (consisting of fikoeretrin and fikosianin) that could be a reserve food that contains several carbohydrates. however there's additionally a harness sort of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). several brown algae contain pigments chlorophyll a and c, beta carotene, and fukosantin violasantin, pirenoid, and sheets of photosynthesis (filakoid). Besides brown algae additionally contain food reserves within the sort of laminarin, cellulose, and algin. additionally to the fabrics was, red and brown algae contain several jodium.

C. benefit

1. so as to order

The individuals typically apprehend that - therefore within the sort of flour used for creating puddings. However, individuals don't apprehend as expected what order - so as for it. Order - that's sulfanik acid ester of galakto that is linear and is obtained by extracting the algae species Agarophytae. That - that's in character soluble in hot water and insoluble in cold water.

Now is the utilization of therefore - therefore that is growing, that were once just for the food alone is currently employed in textiles, cosmetics, and others - others. Its main operate is as an additive material, and manufacturer of emulsifiers, thickeners, fillers, and ingredients within the gel. within the trade, so - therefore widely employed in trade for the manufacture of foods like breads, soups, sauces, ice cream, jelly, candy, sherbet, cheese, pudding, jam, beer, wine, coffee, and chocolate. within the pharmaceutical trade is helpful as a purgative or laxative, wrap capsule, and blend ingredients printer tooth samples. within the textile trade will be used to guard the sheen of silk. within the cosmetics trade, so as to - so as to be helpful within the manufacture of ointments, creams, lotions, lipstick and soap. additionally there are several different edges from that - so, as for the manufacture of film plates, toothpaste, shoe polish, paper, and canning of fish and meat.

2. parts of yeast

element of yeast could be a polysaccharide compound composed of units of D-galactose and L-galactose three.6 anhidrogalaktosa connected by ties 1-4 glikosilik. Characteristics of the money component of yeast is that each unit of galactose binding cluster of sulfate, the quantity sulfatnya approximately thirty five.1%.

usefulness is analogous to that - so as, among others, as a stabilizer, thickener, gelling, and emulsifying. yeast widely employed in the food trade for the manufacture of cakes, breads, makroni, hours, jelly, juice, beer, ice cream, and gel coatings of meat product. within the pharmaceutical trade widely used for toothpaste and medicines. It also can be employed in textiles, cosmetics and paints.

3. Algin (Alginate)

Algin comes from brown algae seaweed species. Algin could be a polymer of amino uronat organized within the sort of long linear chains. sort of algin on the market are typically found in powder sort of sodium, potassium or ammonium alginate is soluble in water.

Usefulness of algin within the trade is as an ingredient thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, and forming a skinny layer that is proof against oil. Algin within the trade are widely employed in the food trade for the manufacture of ice cream, sherbet, ice milk, bread, cakes, candy, butter, sauces, canning meat, jam, syrup, and pudding. Widely employed in the pharmaceutical trade for tablets, ointments, capsules, plasters, and filters. The cosmetics trade for creams, lotions, shampoo, hair dye,. And in different industries like textiles, paper, photography, pesticides, pesticides and wood preservatives.

D. TON operate in Seaweed Ecology

Seaweed was 1st found living naturally not the results of cultivation. they're scattered within the waters in accordance with environmental wants. Seaweed want an area connected to support life. In nature where it will be connected to dead coral, shells of mollusks, and might even be sand and dust.

Besides seaweed desperately want daylight to hold out the method of photosynthesis. the quantity of sunshine is strongly influenced by the brightness of the ocean water. so wants daylight accessible in an optimal quantity it should set the depth of it's grown. Depth is ideally located 30-50 cm from the surface of the water.

Seaweed photosynthesis method isn't solely influenced by daylight alone, however additionally need nutrients in sufficient quantities each macro and micro. This nutrient is obtained from the setting a lot of water is absorbed directly by the complete plant. to produce the nutrient is typically done fertilizing throughout cultivation. to assist give nutrients in optimum quantities and therefore quickly absorbed by the seaweed, it should be provided nutrients that are during a state prepared to be used (ionic). This nutrient could be a ton contained in TON (Nusantara Organic Farms).

TON (Nusantara Organic Farms), containing all the materials required for growth of seaweed. each give an entire micro-nutrients, additionally provides a macro component. additionally TON also will improve the standard of seaweed, as a result of it'll scale back the extent of serious metal pollution which is able to even be absorbed by the seaweed. If serious metals aren't binding, then it'll come back absorbed within the method of absorption of nutrients from seaweed, therefore it's terribly dangerous for customers. With the TON, serious metals are going to be sure within the sort of compounds and can be tough to settle or absorbed by the absorption method.

Seaweed growth is additionally tormented by the quantity of dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity (salt content) and temperature. The content of oxygen additionally influenced by the movement of water is additionally influenced by nutrient availability. therefore TON is additionally vital to support the supply of oxygen within the waters. Ideal temperature for growth of seaweed is within the vary 200-280 C

With the supply of nutrients in optimal amounts and balanced environmental conditions as a result of the influence of TON, then the standard and amount of materials - materials that are contained by the ocean grass also will increase.

In addition, the utilization of TON for seaweed cultivation also will facilitate bind the compound - compound and component - hazardous substances within the waters. Compounds - compounds and parts of this if adsorbed within the metabolic system of seaweed, would interfere with the expansion of seaweed and additionally can scale back the standard of the results. additionally if this seaweed are going to be used for food, would be terribly dangerous for the consume. The content of active carbon compounds from the TON are going to be terribly useful to cut back the compounds and parts - such harmful parts.

E. Seaweed Cultivation and the way to Use plenty (Organic Farms Archipelago)

In running the cultivation of seaweed, the primary issue to notice is that the choice of the situation of cultivation. ought to the situation of cultivation in waters that don't expertise fluctuations in salinity (salt content) is massive and free from industrial pollution and households. additionally the positioning choice ought to additionally think about the economic aspects and labor.

Seaweed cultivation will be wiped out the realm off the coast and within the pond. In today's discussion we are going to emphasize on cultivation in ponds. this can be considering the role TON ineffective if the waters off (coast). For the cultivation of the waters off divided into many ways, namely:

1. take away the fundamental methodology

Where is that the manner this can be done by tying seaweed seedlings on the rope - the rope that is fastened during a row - row within the space of marine waters with a depth of 30-60 cm. Seaweed is planted within the bottom waters.

2. ways Raft

This methodology is finished in waters depths of quite sixty cm. Accomplished by tying grass seed within the rope - a rope tied around stakes - stakes during a position like floating within the middle - the center depths of the waters.

3. Hanging Rope methodology

If the on top of 2 ways of seed position - seaweed seedlings during a horizontal position (landscape), then the strategy of hanging rope is finished by tying a seed - seed seaweed during a vertical position (perpendicular) to the rope - the rope is organized during a row.

Use TON with three ways that on top of will solely be done by soaking seed system. as a result of if TON is applied within the waters wouldn't be effective and lots of are lost by the ocean currents. Seed soaking methodology is finished by:

1. Dissolve TON in ocean water is placed within the container.

2. For one liter of ocean water is given 1 / 4 tablespoons (50-10 g) TON and add 1-2 cc HORMONIK.

3. Marinate for 4-5 hours, and seedlings able to be planted.

Use of TON are going to be terribly effective if applied within the cultivation of seaweed in ponds. a way to cultivation in ponds will be done by the strategy of stocking. The trick is as follows:

1. Ponds should be equipped with the income and expenditure channels.

2. Pond dried 1st.

3. Sprinkle lime to neutral pH (0.5 - a pair of tons per hectare counting on the acidity conditions of land).

4. Let represent one week.

5. Apply TON, with a dose of 1-5 vials per-hectare (for the region - a district of high pollution levels, elevated dose), during a manner diluted with water 1st, then unfold evenly on the pond bottom.

6. Let stand one hour

7. Add water to a height of seventy cm.

8. Sprinkle ocean grass seed that has been soaked with TON and HORMONIK like immersion within the on top of manner. With a density of 80-100 gram/m2.

9. When the pond bottom laborious enough, the seedlings will be planted as rice cultivation.

10. No have to be compelled to add fertilizer macro.

F. Maintenance and application TON (Organic Farms Archipelago) aftershocks.

During cultivation, the supervision should be dispensed continuously. particularly for cultivation in ponds ought to dilakukaan a minimum of 1-2 weeks when sowing seed, this can be to manage the position of the stocked seaweed. actually because of the influence of wind, the seeds can clump along in sure areas, if such ought to be separated and unfold evenly once more within the pond space.

Water impurities within the sort of dirt (mud dissolved / suspended solid) is commonly connected to the plant, particularly on the calm waters like ponds. At that point, the plants ought to be shaken - shake within the water so plants are continually clean of dirt. This debris can interfere with the metabolism of ocean grass. Some marine plants like Ulva, Hypea, Chaetomorpha, and Enteromorpha plants typically convolute. Plants - plants ought to be immediately removed and separated from seaweed therefore as to not degrade the standard of the results. you are doing this by collecting it on land. ocean urchins, fish and turtles could be a herbivorous animal that has got to be prevented from seaweed prey. To avoid that's typically put in round the internet cultivated space. For cultivation in ponds is finished by inserting nets within the channel the income and expenditure.

G. harvesting

At this stage of harvesting should be thought of an applicable manner and time so as to get leads to accordance with market demand in quality and amount.

Plants will be harvested when the age of 6-8 weeks when planting. a way to harvest the whole plant is to carry the seaweed ashore. Seaweeds are cultured in ponds harvested by clumps of plants removed and left very little to be grown more. Or it may well be done by manner of quotation with a separate branch - the branch of the parent plants, however this manner can end in the acquisition of to a small degree yeast and therefore the growth of the parent plant for cultivation can decline more.

If seaweed is harvested at the age of concerning one month, it'll typically be obtained weight ratio of wet and dry weight of 8: one, and if harvested at the age of 2 months can typically be obtained ratio of 6: one. For this kind are typically obtained Gracilaria yields approximately 1500 - 2000 kg of dry seaweed per hectare. Expected with the utilization of TON (Nusantara Organic Farms) can increase by concerning 30-100%.

CULTIVATION BROILERS

Broiler Chickens (Broilers) is chicken that is {in a position|is ready} to grow quick thus on manufacture meat in a comparatively short (5-7 weeks). Broiler has a very important role as a supply of animal protein from cattle.

Seed choice
Have a decent seed characteristics: healthy and active, the body fat (rounded body shape), clean and looked shiny fur, clean nose, eyes sharp and clean and dirt hole (anus) clean

Technical conditions
> Location cage
Cages are ideally located in areas aloof from residential areas, convenient means that of transportation, there are sources of water, the longitudinal direction from east to west.
> Substitution of air within the enclosure.
Chickens got to breathe oxygen and unleash carbon dioxide. so oxygen demand is often met, the cage ought to be well ventilated.
> The temperature within the enclosure.
> quick access to the means that of production
Location of the cage ought to be near the poultry farm search or search facilities.

Governance Maintenance
> Developments
Broiler chicken coop kind there are 2, particularly the shape of stage and no stage (litter). Stage kind cage floor cleaner as a result of dirt falls directly into the bottom, doesn't need a base enclosure so the management is a lot of economical, however the value of constructing a bigger enclosure. sort of litter used a lot of farmers, as a result of it's a lot of simply ready and cheaper.
In the early maintenance, cages coated with plastic to stay heat, so the energy obtained from food entirely for growth, not for the assembly of body heat. Density cages are ideal for the tropics like Indonesia is 8-10 ekor/m2, quite that variety, cage temperature rapidly increased, particularly throughout the day at an adult age that causes decreased feed intake, chickens tend to be plenty of drinking, stress, stunted growth and vulnerable the disease.

Feed
- Feed is seventieth maintenance fee. Feed given ought to give food substances (nutrients) required chickens, particularly carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, therefore the weight gain per day (Average Daily Gain / ADG) high. Feeding ad libitum with the system (always obtainable / not limited).
- When using feed from the factory, then the kind of feed chickens custom-made to the expansion rates, that are divided into a pair of (two) phases. the primary stage is termed stage of enlargement (age one to twenty days), that should contain a minimum of twenty third protein levels. The second stage is termed fattening (age higher than twenty days), the employment of feed protein yield of two hundredth. this sort of feed is sometimes written on the packaging. -The addition of vitamins through drinking water at a dose of 1-2 cc / liter of drinking water give a spread of feed nutrients in sufficient quantities to assist the expansion and fattening of broiler chickens.
- may be used as a supplement and a special supplement cattle with a dose of one cc / liter of drinking water / day, that has a lot of nutritional content and complete.
- The potency of feed expressed in calculation of FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio). a way to calculate it's, the number of feed for maintenance divided by the full weight of chickens that are harvested.

Vaccination
Vaccination is that the entry of germs into the body of an attenuated chicken to induce natural immunity. the vaccine is Performed at the age of four days by the tactic of eye drops, whereas at the age of twenty one days of vaccination by injection or from drinking water.