Eggplant crop prospects for the higher and intensively managed commercial-scale agribusiness, however the typical continues to be low. this is often attributable to a culture that's still sideline farming, cultivation techniques inadequate info at the farm level.
Description Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) could be a diversified crop year shrubs that may mature to 60-90 cm high. The leaves of this plant width and form of the ear. Purple flowers and could be a good flower, sometimes separated and fashioned in bunches of flowers.
Benefits of Eggplant
Eggplant fruit is extremely known to the general public and widely used as a salad (fresh vegetables) or disayur. this is often caused by eggplant fruit flavors are delicious and contain scores of vitamins.
Type - the kind of Eggplant
1. Eggplant Pipit
Commonly known as a mini eggplant owing to its tiny size. the form is spherical, additionally to inexperienced, there's additionally the colour purple. typically eaten as recent vegetables and served on the regular menu Sundanese cuisine, like Karedok (pecel (indonesian food) with all raw vegetables).
2. Eggplant Forefinger
Shaped sort of a finger long, and commonly found in Sumatra cuisine. for instance, to spice curry cooked with a mix of shrimp or beef and disambal Balado, may also be sauteed with extra tauco.
3. Eggplant Purple
The most famous of this sort of eggplant. the form is totally different, some spherical and long. this sort of eggplant purple with older color known as Japanese eggplant as a result of it's usually utilized in Japanese cuisine, like tempura. additionally to dry, it's too crunchy. whereas the colour isn't too dark, softer character. There are coloured inexperienced, and typically included as lodeh vegetable material.
4. Eggplant Netherlands
Oval form resembles an egg however additional pointed ends. Meat contains plenty of fruit juice, it absolutely was slightly bitter, a trifle coloured black to yellowish, thin rind. When immature, the colour modified to yellow and purple when ripe. Seeds flat spherical, skinny and arduous. In distinction to alternative styles of eggplant, regular eggplant this dutch processed into juice.
Terms Grow Eggplant
Eggplant is extremely straightforward to be cultured as a result of he will live within the lowlands to the highlands around one,200 m higher than ocean level. However, the land should have enough organic matter content and well drained. additionally, soil pH ought to vary between 5-6 for optimal growth.
- may be grown within the high plains
- Air temperature twenty two - 30o C
- the simplest variety of soil, sandy loam kind, fertile, wealthy in organic matter, aeration and sensible drainage and pH between half-dozen.8 to 7.3
- daylight ought to be sufficient
- appropriate planting season
Eggplant Cultivation pointers
SEED AND seedbed
Seeds ought to be sown before the eggplant planted on land that is still. creating beds and seeding the eggplant isn't terribly other ways like treatment on tomatoes. It's simply totally different from the requirements of eggplant seeds tomato seeds. For a locality of ??1 ha, it takes five hundred g of eggplant seeds with germination seventy five 070. Eggplant seedlings at the nursery till approximately one.5 months previous or has leaved approximately four strands. at that time eggplant seedlings are able to move in land cultivation.
PLANTING
Land cultivation was ready and processed 1st, then within the sort of beds. Beds are created as wide as between one.2 to 1.4 cm and length consistent with the land. Then the beds created every planting hole is concerning sixty cm. Distance of 70-80 cm antarbarisan planting hole. every bed contains 2 rows of plants. Among the beds, should be created trenches that function roads and drainage throughout the rainy season. this is often vital as a result of eggplant can't stand waterlogging. Furthermore, every planting hole is given manure or compost the maximum amount as zero.5 to one kg for soil contains enough organic material. once the land is ready, ought to be prepared for planting seedlings that are inserted perpendicularly into the planting hole. Then round the planting hole watered so soil is kind of moist, however not flooded.
Maintenance Eggplant
After planting, watering is repeated each three days till flowering. When the time of flowering, watering is finished two days. However, if planting is finished on the world dry, then watering {can be|are usually|will be|is|may be} done additional often so plants don't wilt drought. Fertilization is that the eggplant is finished 3 times, particularly as a basal fertilizer, supplement I, II and aftershocks. Given the fundamental fertilizer when the bottom began to be processed, supplementary fertilizer I provided seven -14 days once planting, and fertilizer aftershocks II is given when the plants begin flowering. Fertilization dose varies for every variety of eggplant and soil kind, see the subsequent table.
TIME AND DOSAGE fertilization of eggplant
No variety of fertilizer Total Fertilizer Fertilizer Association aftershocks I II one. Manure fifteen tons fifteen tons two. Urea three hundred kg a hundred kg a hundred kg a hundred kg three. TSP two hundred kg two hundred kg four. KCI two hundred kg two hundred kg Source: Rush Law, kk., 1990. Subsequent maintenance like weeding and pendangiran performed in conjunction with the availability of supplementary fertilizers. However, if deemed necessary, weeding and pendangiran may be done additional frequently. Plant eggplant need a buffer so the lateral branches raboh not exposed to wind or rain. Marker may be made up of bamboo or wire as high as 60-90 cm.
Pests and Diseases Eggplant
HAMA APHIS (BUG)
Infestation is characterised by mengerutnya leaf because it dries. The leaves are yellow. Eradication is mostly done by Basudin Bayrusi125 forty WP and EC. Mites (Tetranychus) pest attack is characterised by the abnormal growth of eggplant crop. The leaves of affected shoots or buds turn out to be wrinkled and yellow. This pest attacks the leaves and young branches by sucking the liquid in plant tissues. management of the attacks dispensed by employing a answer of zero.2% Kalthene, Dimetoate (Rogor, Roxixon) 0.1% or Sumithion 1:1,000 answer (18 cc in fifteen liters of water).
LEAF RUST DISEASE
Disease is characterised by patches of yellow (blight) and cancer in well-leaf plants. the rationale is Phomopsis vexans (Sacc & Syd) Harter or Diaphote vexans Gratz. The disease is troublesome to eradicate. To that finish, ideally at the start of the planting is employed Dithane M-45 concentration from zero.2 to 0.3%.
ROTTEN ROOT
This disease is characterised by the colour of the leaves become additional inexperienced, then yellow, and eventually die. The cause could be a fungus that attacks the roots Yerticilium alboatrum and vessels within the plant tissue. Prevention of more attacks by using Dithane M-45 (0.2 to 0.3%). Actually, this disease may be controlled by soil treatment, together with fumigation, sensible drainage, and crop rotation.
Harvest and Post Harvest Eggplant
Age eggplant that may be harvested betting on the range planted. However, in general, eggplant may be harvested concerning four months or ninety days once seedling. Furthermore hose once every week, eggplant fruit may be harvested 6-7 times. In harvesting, transporting long taken into consideration to shopper. Eggplant ought to be picked young fruit whose seeds aren't arduous and hard flesh however. If the transport takes a protracted time, then you must be picked before ripe eggplant, however it looks pithy (contains). Time of harvest ought to be done throughout early morning or late afternoon. Avoid the sun throughout harvest time as a result of it will interfere with the plant and create the eggplant skin becomes wrinkled (dry) leading to lower quality.
