GROWING CONDITIONS
Rice are often grown at an altitude of 0-1500 m asl with temperatures
19-270C, needs full sun exposure while not shade. Wind impact on pollination and fertilization. Rice needs a fertile soil mud with a thickness of 18-22 cm and a soil pH of 4-7.
TECHNICAL pointers FOR CULTIVATION
A. Seeds
With a spacing of twenty five x twenty five cm per one thousand m2 needs one.5 to three kg of rice fields. the best quantity of seed that's unfold around 50-60 gr/m2. Comparison of land space for seeding the areas beneath cultivation is 3: a hundred, or one thousand m2 fields: three.5 m2 nursery
B. Soaking Seeds
Seeds soaked NASA POC and water, a dose of two cc / lt of water for 6-12 hours. drain and place burlap sacks, rice seeds are floating discarded. Furthermore brooded using banana leaves or buried within the soil for 1-2 nights till the seeds germinate simultaneously.
C. Maintenance Nurseries / Seeding
Seedbeds irrigated with gradually to a height of 3-5 cm. when 7-10 days previous seedlings and 14-18 days, NASA POC spraying is finished with a dose of two caps / tank.
D. Transfer of seed
Seedlings are able to be moved implanted into 21-40 day-old rice paddies, leafy strands 5-7, rootstock massive and robust, uniform growth, not attacked by pests and diseases.
F. Fertilization
Fertilization as within the following table, the dose of fertilizer in accordance with the specified yield. All macro-mixed fertilizer and unfold evenly to the land in keeping with dose.
HORMONIK special use are often mixed with POC NASA then sprayed (3-4 + one cap lid NASA HORMONIK / tank). Results can vary counting on the categories of sorts, and kinds of soil conditions, pests and diseases.
G. PROCESSING space light-weight
Performed at the age of twenty HST, aims to flow into the air within the soil, ie eliminate toxic gases and absorb oxygen.
H. weeding
Weeding weeds like, digger, puzzles and water hyacinth performed three times the age of four weeks, 35 and 55.
I. Irrigation
Water-logging exhausted the first part of growth, seedling institution, flowering and also the bunting. whereas drying is barely performed on the part before the bunting aimed toward stopping the institution of seedlings and seeds for uniform ripening part and accelerate the ripening seeds.
J. PEST AND DISEASE management
• Pests and white (Nymphula depunctalis)
Symptoms: attack the leaves of seedlings, the harm of the dots are elongated parallel to the bone leaf, rice leaf rolling caterpillars. Control: (1) smart water management, use of healthy seedlings, releasing natural enemies, abort leaves the tube, (2) using BVR or PESTONA • • Rice Thrips (Thrips oryzae)
Symptoms: leaf curl and yellow to reddish, stunted growth of seedlings, the plants don't contain mature grain. Control: BVR or PESTONA.
• attacker planthopper rice straw: rice brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), white-backed rice plant hopper (Sogatella furcifera) and leaf aphis attacker rice: rice inexperienced leafhoppers (Nephotettix apicalis and N. impicticep).
Damage by rice straw and suck fluids will transmit the virus. Symptoms: rice plants to yellow and dry, like burning a bunch of plants, plants that don't dry out to be stunted. Control: (1) rice farming in unison, using the planthopper-resistant varieties like IR thirty six, IR 48, IR-64, Cimanuk, Progo etc., clean setting, the discharge of natural enemies like spiders, bugs and beetles bees, (2) spraying BVR
• Walang sangit (Leptocoriza acuta)
Attacking the ripe fruit rice milk. Symptoms of vacuum or low-quality fruits like wrinkles, brown and unpleasant; there are spots on the leaves and also the former puff rice grains speckled black.
Control: (1) raise in unison, improving sanitation, collect and destroy the eggs, removing natural enemies like crickets, spiders, (2) spraying BVR or PESTONA.
• inexperienced Ladybug (Nezara viridula)
Attack rice stems and fruit. Symptoms: in an exceedingly former puncture plant stems, fruit rice that has attacked the previous puff stains and disrupted plant growth. Control: to gather and destroy its eggs, spraying BVR or PESTONA
• Borer rice straw
consists of: white rice stem borer (Tryporhyza innotata), yellow (T. incertulas), striped (Chilo supressalis) and pink (Sesamia inferens). Attacking the stem and leaf midrib. Symptoms: shoots withered crops, dried reddish and simply removed, dried leaves and stems dry throughout. harm to young plants and in plants bunting (seed filling) is termed the "outs". Control: (1) using resistant varieties, improved environmental hygiene, flooding rice fields for fifteen days when harvest so as to chrysalis to death, burning straw, (2) using BVR or PESTONA
• Pest rat (Rattus argentiventer)
Attacking the young stem (1-2 months) and fruit. Symptoms: The presence of rice plants and collapsed on the rice terraces within the middle of a good attack plots no plants. Control: crop rotation, planting simultaneously, sanitation, unharness of natural enemies like snakes and owls, the employment of NAT (Natural Aromatic).
• Bird
Attacking before the harvest, the fruit stalk broken, scattered seeds. Control: away with the sounds or the puppets.
• Disease brown leaf spots
Cause: The fungus Helmintosporium oryzae.
Symptoms: attack the stem, panicle, new fruit growing and newly germinated seedlings. Seeds mottled-brown spots however still contains, rice adult dry rot, seed rot and seedling sprouts die. Control: (1) soaking the seeds in heat water + NASA POC, balanced fertilization, planting disease-resistant rice.
• Blast Disease
Cause: The fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Symptoms: attack the leaves, a book on the panicle and panicle finish of the shaft. Leaves, bracelets books, panicle stalk and branches close to the bottom of the panicle rot.
Ripening grain foods become stunted and hollow. Control: (1) burning residual straw, flooded rice fields, planting superior varieties, Cimandiri IR-48, IR-36, the availability of fertilizer N at mid-vegetative part and also the part formation of grains, (2) granting GLIO in early planting
• Rotten leaf midrib
Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia sp. Symptoms: attack the leaves and stem of leaves on plants that are established tiller. Cause the quantity and quality of grain decreased. Control: (1) plant disease-resistant rice (2) granting GLIO throughout seedling institution
• Fusarium Disease
Cause: The fungus Fusarium moniliforme. Symptoms: attacking young panicle and also the seeds become brown, drooping leaves, roots rot. Control: loosen spacing, dip seed + NASA POC and disebari GLIO in land
• Disease crackle / leaf blight
Cause: The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae) Symptoms: attack the leaves and growing purpose. There are lines in between the bones of leaves, line the fluid-filled blisters and dusky, the leaves dry up and die. Control: (1) plant disease resistant varieties like IR thirty six, IR 46, Cisadane, Cipunegara, avoiding mechanical injury, environmental sanitation, (2) management starting with GLIO
• The disease stunted
Cause: The virus is transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Symptoms: attack all elements of the plant, the leaves become short, narrow, yellowish-green, short trunk, short books, however several tiny tillers. Control: troublesome, prevention efforts to destroy the affected plants are up to speed vector with BVR or PESTONA.
• tungro disease
Cause: The virus is transmitted by inexperienced leafhoppers Nephotettix impicticeps. Symptoms: attack all plant elements, plant growth is a smaller amount than excellent, the leaves yellow to brownish, the quantity of shoots was reduced, delayed flowering, panicle tiny and doesn't contain. Control: planthopper resistant rice like Kelara, IR 52, IR 36, IR 48, IR 54, IR 46, IR forty two and management the virus vector with BVR.
K. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
• Harvesting is finished when eightieth yellowed rice grain and stalk down
• Tools used crab or sickle
• when harvest immediately knocked malainya with thresher machines or manpower
• Keep a minimum crop loss
Having knocked out (filtered)
• Do drying with sun 2-3 days
• when drying and grinding the separation of grain from the skin of the seeds.
• Rice is prepared to be consumed.
